Περιεχόμενα
Clinical Indications for Pleural Ultrasound
Introduction
Advantages of Pleural Ultrasound over Clinical Assessment and CHEST RADIOGRAPHY
Pleural Ultrasonography by Chest Physicians
Diagnostic Applications of Pleural Ultrasound
Ultrasonography in Pleural Procedures
Conclusion
Basic Physics of Diagnostic Ultrasound and Control “Knobology”
Introduction
Generation and Transmission of the Ultrasound Wave
Interaction of Sound Waves with Matter
Formation of the Ultrasound Image
Characteristics of the Ultrasound Beam
Transducers
Artifacts
Ultrasound controls—”Knobology”
Doppler imaging
Getting Started: Bringing the Ultrasound Machine to the Patient
Bedside Ultrasound: Introduction
Preparation
Performing the scan
Recording Results: Archiving Ultrasound Images
Post-Scan
Guiding Intervention
Conclusion
Image Interpretation: Normal Ultrasound of the Chest
Introduction
The Diaphragm and Upper Abdominal Organs
The Pleura
Chest Wall and Ribs
Heart/Mediastinum
Common Artifacts and Signs Seen in the Normal Lung
Image Interpretation: Pleural Effusions
Pleural Effusion—Basic Appearance
Evidence for Thoracic Ultrasound in Pleural Fluid Detection
Calculation of Pleural Fluid Volume
Differentiation of Fluid Characteristics
Septations
Further Diagnostics
Image Interpretation: Related Thoracic Structures
Introduction
Lung
Diaphragm
Heart
Chest wall
Chest Tubes and Indwelling Pleural Catheters
Pneumothorax
Introduction
Technique
Ultrasonographic Features of a Pneumothorax
Common Ultrasonographic Mimics of a Pneumothorax
Conclusion
Artifacts, Pitfalls, and Limitations
Introduction
Common Artifacts in Pleural Ultrasound
Common Problems in User Interpretation of the Pleural Space
Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Pleural Procedures
Introduction
Proper Positioning for Pleural Procedures
Erect Positioning
Supine Positioning
Lateral and Semidecubitus Positioning
Pleural Access Site Identification
Pleural Access for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspiration
Pleural Access for Intercostal Tube Drainage
Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Pleural Procedures
Other Uses for Ultrasound-Guided Pleural Access
Conclusion
Ultrasound Skills and Application beyond the Pleura
Introduction
Extrathoracic Lymph Nodes
Chest Wall and Skeletal Pathology
Pulmonary Pathology
Mediastinal Pathology
Ultrasound Training and Accreditation
Introduction
Teaching Methods
The Future of Ultrasound Training
Specific Training Requirements around the World
Continuous Professional Development
Conclusion
Choosing A Thoracic Ultrasound Machine
Introduction
Technical Factors
Cost Factors
Conclusion
Index
